学会python——用python制作一个登录和注册窗口（python实例十八）

1.认识Python

2.环境与工具

python%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83-toc" style="margin-left:40px;">2.1 python环境

2.2 Visual Studio Code编译

3.登录和注册窗口

3.1 代码构思

3.2 代码实例

3.3 运行结果

4.总结

1.认识Python

Python 是一个高层次的结合了解释性、编译性、互动性和面向对象的脚本语言。

Python 的设计具有很强的可读性，相比其他语言经常使用英文关键字或标点符号，它具有比其他语言更有特色的语法结构。

2.环境与工具

python%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">2.1 python%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" title="python环境">python环境

在Windows上使用命令行窗口查看所安装的python版本

python --version

2.2 Visual Studio Code编译

Visual Studio Code是一款由微软开发且跨平台的免费源代码编辑器。该软件以扩展的方式支持语法高亮、代码自动补全、代码重构功能，并且内置了命令行工具和Git 版本控制系统。

3.登录和注册窗口

3.1 代码构思

通过定义五个函数，实现对磁盘文件的读和写、用户登录判断、注册信息判断、保存以及注册窗口界面的生成。

3.2 代码实例

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import pickle
import os

# 用pickle模块将字典变量进行序列转换并写入文件
def write_file(path, dic):
    with open(path, 'wb') as f:
        pickle.dump(dic, f)

def read_file(path):
    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
        dic = pickle.load(f)
    return dic

# 判断用户登录时录入的信息是否正确
def login():
    if os.path.exists('name.pickle'):
        userinfo = read_file('name.pickle')
    else:
        userinfo = {}
    name = txt_name.get()
    passwd = txt_passwd.get()
    if name in userinfo.keys():
        if userinfo[name] == passwd:
            messagebox.showinfo('登录成功', '欢迎您，' + name)
        else:
            messagebox.showerror('登录失败', '密码错误')
            txt_name.set('')
            txt_passwd.set('')
            e_name.focus()
    else:
        messagebox.showerror('登录失败', '用户名不存在')

# 实现用户注册功能
def reg(regwin, path, name, passwd, passwd2):
    if passwd != passwd2:
        messagebox.showerror('注册失败', '两次输入的密码不一致')
        return
    if os.path.exists(path):
        userinfo = read_file(path)
    else:
        userinfo = {}
    if name in userinfo.keys():
        messagebox.showerror('注册失败', '用户名已存在')
        return
    else:
        userinfo.update({name: passwd})
        write_file(path, userinfo)
        messagebox.showinfo('注册成功', '欢迎您，' + name)
        regwin.destroy()

# 生成一个注册窗口界面
def create_regwindow():
    regwin = tk.Toplevel(win)
    regwin.title('注册')
    regwin.geometry('300x250')
    lb_name = tk.Label(regwin, text='用户名', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10)
    lb_name.place(x=50, y=50)
    lb_passwd = tk.Label(regwin, text='密码', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10)
    lb_passwd.place(x=50, y=100)
    lb_passwd2 = tk.Label(regwin, text='确认密码', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10)
    lb_passwd2.place(x=50, y=150)
    txt_name = tk.StringVar()
    e_name = tk.Entry(regwin, textvariable=txt_name, font=('arial', 12), width=15)
    e_name.place(x=150, y=50, anchor='nw')
    txt_passwd = tk.StringVar()
    e_passwd = tk.Entry(regwin, textvariable=txt_passwd, font=('arial', 12), show='*')
    e_passwd.place(x=150, y=100, anchor='nw')
    txt_passwd2 = tk.StringVar()
    e_passwd2 = tk.Entry(regwin, textvariable=txt_passwd2, font=('arial', 12), show='*')
    e_passwd2.place(x=150, y=150, anchor='nw')
    # 生成一个注册按钮
    btn_reg = tk.Button(regwin, text='注册', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10, 
                        command=lambda: reg(regwin, './part4/name.pickle', txt_name.get(), txt_passwd.get(), txt_passwd2.get()))
    btn_reg.place(x=100, y=200, anchor='nw')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    win = tk.Tk()
    win.title('登录')
    win.geometry('300x200')
    win['background'] = 'gainsboro'
    lb_name = tk.Label(win, text='用户名', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10)
    lb_name.place(x=50, y=50, anchor='nw')
    lb_passwd = tk.Label(win, text='密码', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10)
    lb_passwd.place(x=50, y=100, anchor='nw')
    txt_name = tk.StringVar()
    e_name = tk.Entry(win, textvariable=txt_name, font=('arial', 12), width=15)
    e_name.place(x=150, y=50, anchor='nw')
    txt_passwd = tk.StringVar()
    e_passwd = tk.Entry(win, textvariable=txt_passwd, font=('arial', 12), show='*')
    e_passwd.place(x=150, y=100, anchor='nw')
    btn_log = tk.Button(win, text='登录', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10, command=login)
    btn_log.place(x=50, y=150, anchor='nw')
    btn_reg = tk.Button(win, text='注册', bg='gainsboro', font=('arial', 12), height=1, width=10, command=create_regwindow)
    btn_reg.place(x=150, y=150, anchor='nw')
    win.mainloop()